酚氧化酶的研究進(jìn)展

 酚氧化酶（phenoloxidase, PO） 又名酪氨酸酶，是一種普遍存在于動(dòng)物和植物體內(nèi)的銅離子酶，具有多種生物學(xué)功能。酚氧化酶可把單酚羥化成二酚（ 如多巴），接著二酚被氧化成醌，在非酶促反應(yīng)條件下，醌形成的zui終產(chǎn)物是黑色素。的黑色素對(duì)昆蟲的正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育具有重要作用。酚氧化酶一般以無(wú)活性的酚氧化酶原（prophenoloxidase, proPO） 形式存在于昆蟲的血淋巴中。從昆蟲酚氧化酶的結(jié)構(gòu)、分布、活化的分子機(jī)制和功能及研究進(jìn)展等方面進(jìn)行綜述。
Abstract: Phenoloxidase （PO）, also known as tyrosinase, is a copper-containing enzyme widely distributed in animals and plants, and possesses diverse biological functions. It can catalyse the hydroxylation of monophenols to diphenols （such as dopa）, then the diphenols are oxidized to quinone, which is polymerized non-enzymetically into melanin. The melanin plays very important roles in normal growth and development of insects. PO generally exsits in the hemolymph of insects as an inactive form called prophenoloxidase （proPO）. In this paper, we mainly review the structure, distribution, molecular mechanisms of activation, function and research progress of PO in insects.